Here is a list of all classical codes that specify what rate they have.
Name Rate
Alamouti code The only OSTBC with full rate, \(k = mt = 2\).
Algebraic-geometry (AG) code Several sequences of linear AG codes beat the GV bound and/or are asymptotically good [1–3] (see Ref. [4] for details). The rate of any linear AG code satisfies \begin{align} \frac{k}{n} \geq 1 - \frac{d}{n} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{q}-1}~, \tag*{(1)}\end{align} which comes from the Drinfeld-Vladut bound [5]. Nonlinear AG codes can outperform this bound.
Binary PSK (BPSK) code Achieve capacity of AGWN in the low signal-to-noise regime [6] (see also [7]). BPSK concatenated with quantum-classical polar codes achieves the Holevo capacity for the AD channel [8].
Binary code The rate of a binary code is usually defined as \(R=\frac{1}{n}\log_{2}K\) bits per symbol. The maximum rate of a binary code with linear distance is upper bounded by the McEliece, Rodemich, Rumsey and Welch (MRRW) bound [9] (see Refs. [10–13] for other proofs).
Block code Ideal decoding error scales is suppressed exponentially with the number of subsystems \(n\), and the exponent has been studied in Ref. [14–16].
Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) code Primitive BCH codes are asymptotically bad [17; pg. 269].
Cartier code Cartier codes share similar asymptotic properties as subfield subcodes of residue AG codes, with both families admitting sequences of codes that achieve the GV bound.
Concatenated code There exist bounds on distance and rate of concatenated codes with a fixed outer and random inner code [18,19].
Constantin-Rao (CR) code CR codes for particular groups have higher rates than distance-one codes under the binary asymmetric channel for all lengths except \(n = 2^r - 1\), in which case CR codes reduce to Hamming codes [20]; see Ref. [21]. Size analysis is presented in Refs. [22,23].
Convolutional code Depends on the polynomials used. Using puncturing removal [24] the rate for the code can be increased from \(\frac{1}{t}\) to \(\frac{s}{t}\), where \(t\) is the number of output bits, and \(s\) depends on the puncturing done. This is done by deleting some pieces of the encoder output such that the most-likely decoders remain effective
Cycle LDPC code Cycle codes are not asymptotically good [25].
Error-correcting code (ECC) The Shannon channel capacity (the maximum of the mutual information over input and output distributions) is the highest rate of information transmission through a classical (i.e., non-quantum) channel with arbitrarily small error rate [26]. Corrections to the capacity and tradeoff between decoding error, code rate and code length are determined using small [27–29], moderate [30–32] and large [33–36] deviation analysis. Sometimes the difference from the asymptotic rate at finite block length can be characterized by the channel dispersion [29,37].
Expander code The rate is \(1 - m/n\) where \(n\) is the number of left nodes and \(m\) is the number of right nodes in the bipartite expander graph.
Fountain code Random linear fountain codes approach the Shannon limit as the file size \(K\) increases. However, they do not have a fixed encoding rate.
Frameproof (FP) code FP codes tend to have large minimal distance and low rate [38]. Specifically, for any positive integers \(n\) and \(c\), if \(l = 16c^{2}\log n\), then there exists a \(c\)-FP \( (l,n) \)-code which has rate \(n/l\) [38]. See Ref. [39] for other bounds on FP codes.
Gallager (GL) code GL codes nearly achieve Shannon capacity against binary-input additive Gaussian white noise using iterative decoding [40,41]. GL codes can outperform RS codes at short block length [42].
Generalized RM (GRM) code GRM codes achieve capacity on sufficiently symmetric non-binary channels [43].
Generalized RS (GRS) code Concatenations of GRS codes with random linear codes almost surely attains the GV bound [44].
Goethals code The rate is \({2^m -3m +1}/2^m\), going to 1 as block length goes to infinity.
Hermitian code For polynomial evaluations up to degree \(D\): if \(D < q + 1 \), \(k = \frac{(D+1)(D+2)}{2}\), and if \(D \geq q + 1 \), \(k = (q+1)D - \frac{q(q-1)}{2} + 1 \).
Hsu-Anastasopoulos LDPC (HA-LDPC) code HA-LDPC codes achieve capacity on the BEC channel under BP decoding [45] and the memoryless binary-input output-symmetric (MBIOS) channels under ML decoding [45] and under MAP decoding [46]. They also achieve the GV bound with asymptotically high probability when the concatenation is with a rate-one LDGM code [45].
Identifiable parent property (IPP) code A hypergraph approach can be used to show that, for any \(t \leq q\), there exists a sequence of IPP codes with asymptotically non-vanishing rate [47].
Irregular LDPC code Nearly achieve capacity against binary-input additive Gaussian white noise using iterative decoding [48,49]. Such sequences have sublinearly growing distance per block length [50].
Irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) code IRA codes nearly achieve the Shannon capacity of the binary erasure channel using iterative decoding [51]. Puncturing ressens the decoding complexity while still allowing sequences of codes to achive capacity [52].
Justesen code

The first asymptotically good codes. Rate is \(R_m=k/n=K/2N\geq R\) and the relative minumum distance satisfy \(\delta_m=d_m/n\geq 0.11(1-2R)\), where \(K=\left\lceil 2NR\right\rceil\) for asymptotic rate \(0<R<1/2\); see pg. 311 of Ref. [17].

The code can be improved and extend the range of \(R\) from 0 to 1 by puncturing, i.e., by erasing \(s\) digits from each inner codeword. This yields a code of length \(n=(2m-s)N\) and rate \(R=mk/(2m-s)N\). The lower bound of the distance of the punctured code approaches \(d_m/n=(1-R/r)H^{-1}(1-r)\) as \(m\) goes to infinity, where \(r\) is the maximum of 1/2 and the solution to \(R=r^2/(1+\log(1-h^{-1}(1-r)))\), and \(h\) is the binary entropy function.
Kerdock code The transmission rate is \(2m/2^m\) which tends to 0 as \(m\) becomes large, hence these codes are asymptotically poor.
Lattice-based code Lattice codes with minimal-distance decoding achieve the capacity of the AGWN channel [53–56].
Linear \(q\)-ary code Any code admitting a two-transitive automorphism group achieves capacity under the binary erasure channel [57–59].
Linear binary code A family of linear codes \(C_i = [n_i,k_i,d_i]\) is asymptotically good if the asymptotic rate \(\lim_{i\to\infty} k_i/n_i\) and asymptotic distance \(\lim_{i\to\infty} d_i/n_i\) are both positive. Nearly all good linear binary codes for the asymmetric channel are also good for the symmetric channel [60]; this is not the case for non-binary codes [21].
Linear code with complementary dual (LCD) Asymptotically good LCD codes exist [61].
Locally decodable code (LDC) Families of LDCs with query complexity \(r=2\) need \(n\) to scale exponentially with \(k\) [62,63].
Locally recoverable code (LRC) The rate of an \((n,k,r)\) LRC satisfies \begin{align} \frac{k}{n}\leq\frac{r}{r+1}~. \tag*{(2)}\end{align} Various asymptotic lower [64,65] and upper bounds [66] exist.
Low-density generator-matrix (LDGM) code Certain LDGM codes come close to achieving Shannon capacity [67].
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code Some LDPC codes achieve the Shannon capacity of the binary symmetric channel under maximum-likelihood decoding [41,68,69]. Other LDPC codes achieve capacity for smaller block lengths under belief-propagation decoding [70]. Random LDPC codes achieve list-decoding capacity [71].
MacKay-Neal LDPC (MN-LDPC) code Certain sequences of optimally decoded codes can nearly achieve the Shannon capacity [41,72]. A sequence of codes achieves the capacity of memoryless binary-input symmetric-output channels under MAP decoding [46].
Nonlinear AG code Certain nonlinear code sequences beat the Tsfasman-Vladut-Zink bound, outperforming linear AG codes.
Orthogonal Spacetime Block Code (OSTBC) The greatest rate which can be achieved is \(\frac{n_0+1}{2n_0}\), where either \(n=2n_0\) or \(n=2n_0-1\) [73].
Permutation spherical code Number of codewords cannot increase exponentially with dimension \(n\) [74]
Phase-shift keying (PSK) code Nearly achieves Shannon AWGN capacity for one-dimensional constellations in the limit of infinite signal to noise [75; Fig. 11.7].
Pless symmetry code Achieve capacity of the binary erasure channel; see Ref. [59].
Polar code Supports reliable transmission at rates \(K/N\) approaching the Shannon capacity of the channel under the successive cancellation decoder [76,77]; see also Refs. [78,79].
Preparata code The rate is \(\frac{2^{m+1}-2m-2}{2^{m+1}-1}\).
Quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) code Nearly achieves Shannon AWGN capacity for two-dimensional constellations in the limit of infinite signal to noise [75; Fig. 11.8].
Random code Typical random codes (TRC) or typical random linear codes (TLC) refer to codes in the respective ensemble that satisfy a certain minimum distance. The relative fraction of typical codes in the ensemble approaches one as \(N\) goes to infinity [26] (see also Ref. [80]). Asymptotically, given distance \(d\), the maximum rate for a TRC is given by \(R=\frac{1}{2}R_{GV}(\delta)\) where \(R_{GV}\) is the Gilbert–Varshamov (GV) bound \(R_{GV}=1-h(\delta)\), and \(h(\delta)=h(\frac{d}{n})\) is the binary entropy function. The maximum rate for a TLC is given by \(R=R_{GV}(d)\), meaning that TLCs achieve the asymptotic GV bound.
Rank-modulation code Rank modulation codes with code distance of order \(d=\Theta(n^{1+\epsilon})\) for \(\epsilon\in[0,1]\) achieve a rate of \(1-\epsilon\) [81].
Reed-Muller (RM) code Achieves capacity of the binary erasure channel [57,58], the binary memoryless symmetric (BMS) channel under bitwise maximum-a-posteriori decoding [82] (see also Ref. [83]), and the binary symmetric channel (BSC), solving a long-standing conjecture [84].
Regular binary Tanner code For a short code \(C_0\) with rate \(R_0\), the Tanner code has rate \(R \geq 2R_0-1\). If \(C_0\) satisfies the GV bound, the rate \(R \geq \delta = 1-2h(\delta_0)\), where \(\delta\) (\(\delta_0\)) is the relative distance of the Tanner code (\(C_0\)), and \(h\) is the binary entropy function.
Repeat-accumulate (RA) code RA codes are not asymptotically good [85].
Repeat-accumulate-accumulate (RAA) code Some sequences of non-deterministic RAA codes are asymptotically good [85,86].
Repetition code Code rate is \(\frac{1}{n}\), code distance is \(n\).
Single parity-check (SPC) code The code rate is \(\frac{n}{n+1}\to 1\) as \(n\to\infty\).
Spacetime block code (STBC) A spacetime block code is said to be full rate when \(k = m t\), where \(k\) is the number of information symbolds encoded in its codewords.
Spacetime code (STC) Shannon capacity of various multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels has been determined [87–89].
Spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) code Spatial coupling of LDPC codes can increase the achievable rate against BEC, coming close to the capacity [90–92]. SC-LDPC codes achieve capacity of the binary memoryless symmetric (BMS) channel [70,93].
Sphere packing

The rate of a code consisting of \(M\) codewords that represent a signal of bandwidth \(W\) and duration \(T\) is defined as \begin{align} R=\frac{1}{T}\log_{2}M\quad\quad\text{bits/s}~. \tag*{(3)}\end{align}

The Shannon capacity of the AGWN channel for a signal whose power is \(P\) is \begin{align} C=W\log_{2}\left(1+\frac{P}{\sigma^{2}}\right)\,. \tag*{(4)}\end{align} Random sphere packings achieve this capacity [14]; see the book [94] for more details. Tradeoffs between various parameters have been analyzed [95]. Deterministic sets of constellations from quadrature rules can also achieve capacity [6].
Spherical code The Kabatiansky-Levenshtein bound [96] is the best known upper bound on the rate of a spherical code with fixed Euclidean distance.
Tamo-Barg-Vladut code Tamo-Barg-Vladut codes on asymptotically maximal curves improve upon the asymptotic LRC GV bound [64].
Tensor-product code Rate of the tensor-product code \(C_A \otimes C_B\) is a product of the rates of the codes \(C_A\) and \(C_B\).
Tornado code Come arbitrarily close to the capacity of the binary erasure channel.
Traceability code

Suppose \(n\) is the number of users, \(k\) is the number of users known by the pirates, and \(p\) is the probability that the pirates cannot be traced. An open (public) resilient scheme using a hash function has the personal keys of the users consisting of \(O(k^{2}\log n)\) decryption keys, which is the amount of decryptions needed to reveal the information. The amount of data redundancy overhead is about \(O(k^{4}\log n)\) [97].

A secret resilient scheme using a hash function has the personal keys of the users consisting of \(O(k \log(n/p))\) decryption keys, which is the amount of decryptions needed to reveal the information. The amount of data redundancy overhead is about \(O(k^{2} \log(n/p))\) [97].

A threshold (secret) scheme using a hash function that is successful against pirates which decrypt with probability \(> q\), has the personal keys of the users consisting of \((4k/3q)\log(n/p)\) decryption keys (note that this is the same as in the secret resilient scheme above). These types of schemes only need order \(O(1)\) decryption operations performed by users to decrypt the information successfully. Finally, the amount of data redundancy overhead is 4k encrypted keys, a large improvement compared to the above [97].
Tsfasman-Vladut-Zink (TVZ) code TVZ codes, either in the residue AG or evaluation AG constructions, exceed the asymptotic GV bound [1] (see also Ref. [98]). Roughly speaking, this breakthrough result implies that AG codes can outperform random codes.
Turbo code Turbo codes nearly achieve the Shannon capacity [99].
Varshamov-Tenengolts (VT) code Rate-\(1\) code, with \(\log n+1\) bits of redundancy when \(a=0\). Nearly optimal.
Wozencraft ensemble code Meets the GV bound for most choices of \(\alpha\). Puncturing the code yields a higher rate with also meeting the GV bound; see Ref. [100]. These codes can be used to asymptotically improve over the GV bound [101].
Wrapped spherical code Asymptotically maximal spherical coding density is obtained with the densest possible sphere packing.
Zetterberg code The rate is given by \(1-\frac{4s}{n}\), which is asymptotically good, with a minimum distance of 5.
\([2^r-1,2^r-r-1,3]\) Hamming code Asymptotic rate \(k/n = 1-\frac{\log n}{n} \to 1\) and normalized distance \(d/n \to 0\).
\(q\)-ary code The rate of a \(q\)-ary code is usually defined as \(R=\frac{1}{n}\log_q K\) dits per symbol. The maximum rate of a \(q\)-ary code with linear distance is lower bounded by the asymptotic GV bound and upper bounded by the \(q\)-ary version of the MRRW LP bound [102].
\(q\)-ary quadratic-residue (QR) code Achieve capacity of the binary erasure channel; see Ref. [59].

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