Welcome to the Ring Kingdom.
Ring code
Encodes \(K\) states (codewords) in \(n\) coordinates over a ring \(R\).
Parents:
Error-correcting code (ECC).
Parent of:
\(R\)-linear code.
\(R\)-linear code
A code of length \(n\) over a ring \(R\) is \(R\)-linear if it is a submodule of \(R^n\).
Parents:
Ring code, Linear code.
Parent of:
Quaternary code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\).
Quaternary code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\)
A linear code encoding \(K\) states (codewords) in \(n\) coordinates over the ring \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) of integers modulo 4.
Parents:
\(R\)-linear code.
Parent of:
Octacode, Reed-Muller (RM) code.
Reed-Muller (RM) code[1][2][3]
Member of the RM\((r,m)\) family of linear binary codes derived from multivariate polynomials. The code parameters are \([2^m,\sum_{j=0}^{r} {m \choose j},2^{m-r}]\), where \(r\) is the order of the code satisfying \(0\leq r\leq m\). Punctured RM codes RM\(^*(r,m)\) are obtained from RM codes by deleting one or more coordinates from each codeword.
Parents:
Polynomial evaluation code, Linear binary code, Quaternary code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\), Divisible code, Group code.
Parent of:
Hamming code.
Cousins:
Binary BCH code, Dual linear code, Binary duadic code, Cyclic linear binary code, Parity-check code.
Cousin of:
Generalized RM (GRM) code, Hadamard code, Majorana stabilizer code, Polar code, Quantum Reed-Muller code, Quantum divisible code, Simplex code.
Octacode[4][5][6]
The unique self-dual linear code of length 8 over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) with generator matrix \begin{align}
\begin{pmatrix}
3 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
3 & 0 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
3 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 0\\
3 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 1
\end{pmatrix}\,.
\end{align}
Parents:
Quaternary code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\).
Cousins:
Cyclic code, Hamming code, Dual additive code.
Hamming code[7][8][9]
An infinite family of perfect linear codes with parameters \((2^r-1,2^r-r-1, 3)\) for \(r \geq 2\). Their \(r \times (2^r-1) \) parity check matrix \(H\) has all possible non-zero \(r\)-bit strings as its columns.
Protection: Can detect 1-bit and 2-bit errors, and can correct 1-bit errors.
Parents:
Perfect code, Reed-Muller (RM) code, Binary BCH code.
Parent of:
Tetracode.
Cousins:
Projective geometry code, Binary quadratic-residue (QR) code, \([[2^r, 2^r-r-2, 3]]\) quantum Hamming code, \(q\)-ary Hamming code, Nearly perfect code.
Cousin of:
Hadamard code, Octacode, Repetition code, Steane \([[7,1,3]]\) code, \([[2^r-1, 2^r-2r-1, 3]]\) Hamming-based CSS code.
Tetracode[5]
The \([4,2,3]_{GF(3)}\) self-dual MDS code with generator matrix \begin{align}
\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 1 & 1\\
0 & 1 & 1 & 2
\end{pmatrix}~,
\end{align} where \(GF(3) = \{0,1,2\}\). Has connections to lattices [5].
Parents:
Simplex code, Hamming code, Maximum distance separable (MDS) code.
Cousins:
Dual linear code, Ternary Golay Code.
References
- [1]
- D. E. Muller, “Application of Boolean algebra to switching circuit design and to error detection”, Transactions of the I.R.E. Professional Group on Electronic Computers EC-3, 6 (1954). DOI
- [2]
- I. Reed, “A class of multiple-error-correcting codes and the decoding scheme”, Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory 4, 38 (1954). DOI
- [3]
- N. Mitani, On the transmission of numbers in a sequential computer, delivered at the National Convention of the Inst. of Elect. Engineers of Japan, November 1951.
- [4]
- J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, “Self-dual codes over the integers modulo 4”, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 62, 30 (1993). DOI
- [5]
- J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups (Springer New York, 1999). DOI
- [6]
- E. M. Rains and N. J. A. Sloane, “Self-Dual Codes”. math/0208001
- [7]
- C. E. Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”, Bell System Technical Journal 27, 379 (1948). DOI
- [8]
- R. W. Hamming, “Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes”, Bell System Technical Journal 29, 147 (1950). DOI
- [9]
- M. J. E. Golay, Notes on digital coding, Proc. IEEE, 37 (1949) 657.