Here is a list of algebraic-geometry codes constructed using algebraic curves.
Code Description
Algebraic-geometry (AG) code Binary or $$q$$-ary code constructed from an algebraic curve of some genus over a finite field via the evaluation construction, the residue construction, or more general constructions that yield nonlinear codes. Linear AG codes from the first two constructions are also called geometric Goppa codes.
Alternant code Given a length-$$n$$ GRS code $$C$$ over $$GF(q^m)$$, an alternant code is the $$GF(q)$$-subfield subcode of the dual of $$C$$.
Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) code Cyclic $$q$$-ary code, with $$n$$ and $$q$$ relatively coprime, whose zeroes are consecutive powers of a primitive $$n$$th root of unity $$\alpha$$. More precisely, the generator polynomial of a BCH code of designed distance $$\delta\geq 1$$ is the lowest-degree monic polynomial with zeroes $$\{\alpha^b,\alpha^{b+1},\cdots,\alpha^{b+\delta-2}\}$$ for some $$b\geq 0$$. BCH codes are called narrow-sense when $$b=1$$, and are called primitive when $$n=q^r-1$$ for some $$r\geq 2$$.
Cartier code Subcode of a certain residue AG code that is constructed using the Cartier operator.
Classical Goppa code Let $$G(x)$$ be a polynomial describing a projective-plane curve with coefficients from $$GF(q^m)$$ for some fixed integer $$m$$. Let $$L$$ be a finite subset of the extension field $$GF(q^m)$$ where $$q$$ is prime, meaning $$L = \{\alpha_1, \cdots, \alpha_n\}$$ is a subset of nonzero elements of $$GF(q^m)$$. A Goppa code $$\Gamma(L,G)$$ is an $$[n,k,d]_q$$ linear code consisting of all vectors $$a = a_1, \cdots, a_n$$ such that $$R_a(x) =0$$ modulo $$G(x)$$, where $$R_a(x) = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{a_i}{z - \alpha_i}$$.
Elliptic code Evaluation AG code of rational functions evaluated on points lying on an elliptic curve, i.e., a curve of genus one.
Evaluation AG code Also called a function code. Evaluation code over $$GF(q)$$ on a set of points $${\cal P} = \left( P_1,P_2,\cdots,P_n \right)$$ in $$GF(q)$$ lying on an algebraic curve $$\cal X$$ whose corresponding vector space $$L$$ of functions $$f$$ consists of certain polynomials or rational functions. Codewords are evaluations of all functions at the specified points, \begin{align} \left( f(P_1), f(P_2), \cdots, f(P_n) \right) \quad\quad\forall f\in L~. \end{align} The code is denoted as $$C_L({\cal X},{\cal P},D)$$, where the divisor $$D$$ (of degree less than $$n$$) determines which rational functions to use by prescribing features associated with their zeroes and poles. The original motivation for evaluation codes, which are generalizations of RS codes that expand both the types of functions used as well as the available evaluation points, was to increase code length while maintaining good distance and size.
Extended GRS code A GRS code with an additional parity-check coordinate with corresponding evaluation point of zero. In other words, an $$[n+1,k,n-k+2]_q$$ GRS code whose polynomials are evaluated at the points $$(\alpha_1,\cdots,\alpha_n,0)$$. The case when $$n=q-1$$, multipliers $$v_i=1$$, and $$\alpha_i$$ are $$i-1$$st powers of a primitive $$n$$th root of unity is an extended narrow-sense RS code.
Generalized RS (GRS) code An $$[n,k,n-k+1]_q$$ linear code that is a modification of the RS code where codeword polynomials are multiplied by additional prefactors. Each message $$\mu$$ is encoded into a string of values of the corresponding polynomial $$f_\mu$$ at the points $$\alpha_i$$, multiplied by a corresponding nonzero factor $$v_i \in GF(q)$$, \begin{align} \mu\to\left( v_{1}f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{1}\right),v_{2}f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{2}\right),\cdots,v_{n}f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{n}\right)\right)~. \end{align}
Hermitian code Evaluation AG code of rational functions evaluated on points lying on a Hermitian curve $$H(x,y) = x^{q+1} + y^{q+1} - 1$$ over $$\mathbb{F}_q = GF(q)$$ in either affine or projective space. Hermitian codes directly improve over RS codes in the sense that RS codes have length at most $$q$$ while Hermitian codes have length $$q^3 + 1$$.
Hexacode The $$[6,3,4]_{GF(4)}$$ self-dual MDS code with generator matrix \begin{align} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & \omega\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & \omega & 1\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & \omega & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}~, \end{align} where $$GF(4) = \{0,1,\omega, \bar{\omega}\}$$. Has connections to projective geometry, lattices [1] and conformal field theory [2].
Klein-quartic code Evaluation AG code over $$GF(8)$$ of rational functions evaluated on points lying in the Klein quartic, which is defined by the equation $$x^3 y + y^3 z + z^3 x = 0$$ ([3], Ex. 2.75).
Nonlinear AG code Nonlinear $$q$$-ary code constructed by evaluating functions on an algebraic curve.
Plane-curve code Evaluation AG code of bivariate polynomials of some finite maximum degree, evaluated at points lying on an affine plane curve.
Reed-Solomon (RS) code An $$[n,k,n-k+1]_q$$ linear code based on polynomials over $$GF(q)$$. Let $$\{\alpha_1,\cdots,\alpha_n\}$$ be $$n$$ distinct points in $$GF(q)$$. An RS code encodes a message $$\mu=\{\mu_0,\cdots,\mu_{k-1}\}$$ into $$\{f_\mu(\alpha_1),\cdots,f_\mu(\alpha_n)\}$$ using a message-dependent polynomial \begin{align} f_\mu(x)=\mu_0+\mu_1 x + \cdots + \mu_{k-1}x^{k-1}. \end{align} In other words, each message $$\mu$$ is encoded into a string of values of the corresponding polynomial $$f_\mu$$ at the points $$\alpha_i$$, \begin{align} \mu\to\left( f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{1}\right),f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{2}\right),\cdots,f_{\mu}\left(\alpha_{n}\right)\right) \,. \end{align}
Residue AG code Also called a differential code. Linear $$q$$-ary code defined using a set of points $${\cal P} = \left( P_1,P_2,\cdots,P_n \right)$$ in $$GF(q)$$ lying on an algebraic curve $$\cal X$$ and a linear space $$\Omega$$ of certain rational differential forms $$\omega$$. Codewords are evaluations of residues of the differential forms in the specified points, \begin{align} \left(\text{Res}_{P_{1}}(\omega),\text{Res}_{P_{2}}(\omega),\cdots,\text{Res}_{P_{n}}(\omega)\right)\quad\quad\forall\omega\in\Omega~. \end{align} The code is denoted as $$C_{\Omega}({\cal X},{\cal P},D)$$, where the divisor $$D$$ determines which rational rational differential forms to use.
Tsfasman-Vladut-Zink (TVZ) code Member of a family of residue AG codes where $$\cal X$$ is either a reduction of a Shimura curve or an elliptic curve of varying genus.
$$q$$-ary parity-check code Also known as a sum-zero code. An $$[n,n-1,2]_q$$ linear $$q$$-ary code whose codewords consist of the message string appended with a parity-check digit such that the sum over all coordinates of each codeword is zero.

## References

[1]
J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups (Springer New York, 1999). DOI
[2]
J. A. Harvey and G. W. Moore, “Moonshine, superconformal symmetry, and quantum error correction”, Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, (2020). DOI; 2003.13700
[3]
T. Høholdt, J.H. Van Lint, and R. Pellikaan, 1998. Algebraic geometry codes. Handbook of coding theory, 1 (Part 1), pp.871-961.