Description
An \([[n,k,d]]_q \) Galois-qudit true stabilizer code admitting a set of stabilizer generators that are either \(Z\)-type or \(X\)-type Galois-qudit Pauli strings. Codes can be defined from chain complexes over \(GF(q)\) via an extension of qubit CSS-to-homology correspondence to Galois qudits.
The stabilizer generator matrix [8; Def. 2], taking values from \(GF(q)\), is of the form \begin{align} H=\begin{pmatrix}0 & H_{Z}\\ H_{X} & 0 \end{pmatrix} \label{eq:parityg} \tag*{(1)}\end{align} such that the rows of the two blocks must be orthogonal \begin{align} H_X H_Z^T=0~. \label{eq:commG} \tag*{(2)}\end{align} The above condition guarantees that the \(X\)-stabilizer generators, defined in the Galois symplectic representation as rows of \(H_X\), commute with the \(Z\)-stabilizer generators associated with \(H_Z\).
Encoding is based on two related \(q\)-ary linear codes, an \([n,k_X,d_X]_q \) code \(C_X\) and \([n,k_Z,d_Z]_q \) code \(C_Z\), satisfying \(C_X^\perp \subseteq C_Z\). The resulting CSS code has \(k=k_X+k_Z-n\) logical Galois qudits and distance \(d\geq\min\{d_X,d_Z\}\). The \(H_X\) (\(H_Z\)) block of \(H\) (1) is the parity-check matrix of the code \(C_X\) (\(C_Z\)). The requirement \(C_X^\perp \subseteq C_Z\) guarantees (2). Specializing to the case when \(C_Z=[n,k,d]_q\) is dual-containing yields a \([[n,2k-n,\geq d_Z]]_q\) self-dual Galois-qudit CSS code with \(C_X = C_Z\). Basis states for the code are, for coset representatives \(\gamma \in C_X/C_Z^\perp\), \begin{align} |\gamma + C_Z^\perp \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{|C_Z^\perp|}} \sum_{\eta \in C_Z^\perp} |\gamma + \eta\rangle. \tag*{(3)}\end{align}
Galois-qudit CSS codes can also be understood in terms graphs via the reflexive stabilizer framework, which also allows one to define a code for a given set of Pauli errors [9].
Protection
Detects errors on \(d-1\) qubits, corrects errors on \(\left\lfloor (d-1)/2 \right\rfloor\) qubits. A quantum version of the Griesmer bound has been derived for Galois-qudit CSS codes [10].
An \([[n,k,d]]_q\) CSS code can be propagated to an \([[n-2,k,d-1]]_q\) code [11].
Encoding
Fault-tolerant encoding [12].Cousins
- Linear \(q\)-ary code— The Galois-qudit CSS construction uses two related \(q\)-ary linear codes, \(C_X\) and \(C_Z\).
- Cyclic linear \(q\)-ary code— Galois CSS codes can be constructed using self-orthogonal \(q\)-ary cyclic codes [13].
- Griesmer code— A quantum version of the Griesmer bound has been derived for Galois-qudit CSS codes [10] and Galois-qudit stabilizer codes [14].
- Quantum locally recoverable code (QLRC)— A Galois-qudit CSS code is a QLRC of locality \(r\) if each qudit participates in at least one \(X\)-type and one \(Z\)-type stabilizer whose product is of weight \(\leq r\) [15; Corr. 34].
- Galois-qudit BCH code— Galois-qudit BCH codes can be constructed via the CSS construction or the Hermitian construction.
- Quantum duadic code— Quantum duadic codes can be constructed via the CSS construction or the Hermitian construction.
- Galois-qudit quantum RM code— Galois-qudit RM codes can be constructed via the CSS construction or the Hermitian construction.
- Subsystem Galois-qudit CSS code— Subsystem Galois-qudit CSS codes reduce to (subspace) Galois-qudit CSS codes when there is no gauge subsystem.
Member of code lists
Primary Hierarchy
References
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- R. R. Vandermolen and D. Wright, “Graph-theoretic approach to quantum error correction”, Physical Review A 105, (2022) arXiv:2110.08414 DOI
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- M. Grassl, “New quantum codes from CSS codes”, Quantum Information Processing 22, (2023) arXiv:2208.05353 DOI
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- P. J. Salas, “Simple fault-tolerant encoding over q-ary CSS quantum codes”, (2007) arXiv:0712.3223
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- Y. Tang, S. Zhu, X. Kai, and J. Ding, “New quantum codes from dual-containing cyclic codes over finite rings”, (2016) arXiv:1608.06674
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- J. S. Gundersen, R. B. Christensen, M. Grassl, P. Popovski, and R. Wisniewski, “Puncturing Quantum Stabilizer Codes”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory 6, 74 (2025) DOI
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- L. Golowich and V. Guruswami, “Quantum Locally Recoverable Codes”, (2023) arXiv:2311.08653
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- D. Gottesman. Surviving as a quantum computer in a classical world (2024) URL
Page edit log
- Victor V. Albert (2022-09-28) — most recent
- Leonid Pryadko (2022-02-16)
- Daniel Gottesman (2022-02-16)
- Victor V. Albert (2022-02-16)
- Qingfeng (Kee) Wang (2022-01-07)
Cite as:
“Galois-qudit CSS code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2022. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/galois_css