Abelian quantum-double stabilizer code[1]
Description
Modular-qudit stabilizer code whose codewords realize 2D modular gapped Abelian topological order with trivial cocycle. The corresponding anyon theory is defined by an Abelian group. All such codes can be realized by a stack of modular-qudit surface codes because all Abelian groups are Kronecker products of cyclic groups.
There exists an invariant that can be computed to uniquely characterize the anyons of a state in an Abelian quantum-double topological phase [2].
Protection
Error-correcting properties established in Ref. [3] using operator algebra theory. Correcting the maximum number of correctable errors is \(NP\)-complete [4].Encoding
Any geometrically local unitary circuit connecting two quantum double models whose groups are not isomorphic must have depth at linear linear in \(n\) [2].Decoding
Efficient decoder correcting below the code distance [4].Cousins
- 2D lattice stabilizer code— Translation-invariant 2D prime-qudit lattice stabilizer codes are equivalent to several copies of the prime-qudit surface code and a trivial code via a local constant-depth Clifford circuit [5].
- 3D subsystem surface code— The 3D subsystem surface code Hamiltonian phase diagram exhibits \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) topological order [6].
- \(\mathbb{Z}_3\times\mathbb{Z}_9\)-fusion subsystem code— The \(\mathbb{Z}_3\times\mathbb{Z}_9\)-fusion subsystem code can be obtained from a stack of \(q=3\) and \(q=9\) square-lattice qudit surface codes by gauging out the anyons \(m_1^{-1}e_2^3\) and \(m_2^{-1}\) [7; Sec. 7.5].
- Galois-qudit color code— A Galois qudit for \(q=p^m\) can be decomposed into a Kronecker product of \(m\) modular qudits [8,10–12][9; Sec. 5.3]. Galois-qudit color codes yield Abelian quantum-double codes with Abelian-group topological order via this decomposition.
- Galois-qudit surface code— A Galois qudit for \(q=p^m\) can be decomposed into a Kronecker product of \(m\) modular qudits [8,10–12][9; Sec. 5.3]. Galois-qudit surface codes yield Abelian quantum-double codes with \(GF(p^m)\cong \mathbb{Z}_p^m\) topological order via this decomposition.
Primary Hierarchy
Abelian TQD stabilizer codeLattice stabilizer QLDPC Stabilizer Abelian topological Topological Hamiltonian-based QECC Quantum
Parents
The anyon theory corresponding to Abelian quantum double codes is defined by an Abelian group and trivial cocycle. All Abelian TQD codes can be realized as modular-qudit stabilizer codes by starting with an Abelian quantum double model along with a family of Abelian TQDs that generalize the double semion anyon theory and condensing certain bosonic anyons [7]. Upon gauging some symmetries [13–15,15], Type-I and II \(\mathbb{Z}_2^3\) TQDs realize the same topological order as certain Abelian quantum double models [16–18].
The anyon theory corresponding to (Abelian) quantum double codes is defined by an (Abelian) group.
Abelian quantum-double stabilizer code
Children
When treated as ground states of the code Hamiltonian, states of the color code on a torus geometry realize \(\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2\) topological order [19], equivalent to the phase realized by two copies of the surface code via a local constant-depth Clifford circuit [20]. This process can be viewed as an ungauging [13–15,15] of certain symmetries.
Matching codes were inspired by the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) topological order phase of the Kitaev honeycomb model [21].
When treated as ground states of the code Hamiltonian, surface codewords realize \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) topological order, a topological phase of matter that also exists in \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) lattice gauge theory [22]. Local Clifford deformations preserve this topological order.
The XZZX surface code is an example of \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) topological order as manifest in the Wen plaquette model [23].
Modular-qudit surface code Hamiltonians admit topological phases associated with \(\mathbb{Z}_q\) topological order [24].
References
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- M. Kargarian, H. Bombin, and M. A. Martin-Delgado, “Topological color codes and two-body quantum lattice Hamiltonians”, New Journal of Physics 12, 025018 (2010) arXiv:0906.4127 DOI
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- A. Kubica, B. Yoshida, and F. Pastawski, “Unfolding the color code”, New Journal of Physics 17, 083026 (2015) arXiv:1503.02065 DOI
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- A. Kitaev, “Anyons in an exactly solved model and beyond”, Annals of Physics 321, 2 (2006) arXiv:cond-mat/0506438 DOI
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- X.-G. Wen, “Quantum Orders in an Exact Soluble Model”, Physical Review Letters 90, (2003) arXiv:quant-ph/0205004 DOI
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- S. S. Bullock and G. K. Brennen, “Qudit surface codes and gauge theory with finite cyclic groups”, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 40, 3481 (2007) arXiv:quant-ph/0609070 DOI
Page edit log
- Victor V. Albert (2023-04-06) — most recent
Cite as:
“Abelian quantum-double stabilizer code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2023. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/quantum_double_abelian