Modular-qudit stabilizer code[1]
Description
An \(((n,K,d))_q\) modular-qudit code whose logical subspace is the joint eigenspace of commuting qudit Pauli operators forming the code's stabilizer group \(\mathsf{S}\). Traditionally, the logical subspace is the joint \(+1\) eigenspace, and the stabilizer group does not contain \(e^{i \phi} I\) for any \(\phi \neq 0\). The distance \(d\) is the minimum weight of a qudit Pauli string that implements a nontrivial logical operation in the code.
A modular-qudit stabilizer code encoding an integer number of qudits (\(K=q^k\)) is denoted as \([[n,k]]_{q}\) or \([[n,k,d]]_{q}\). For composite \(q\), such codes need not encode an integer number of qudits, with \(K=q^n/|\mathsf{S}|\) [2]. This is because \(|{\mathsf{S}}|\) need not be a power of \(q\), as group generators may have different orders. As a result, \([[n,k,d]]\) notation is often used with non-integer \(k=\log_q K\). Prime-qudit stabilizer codes, where \(q=p\) for some prime \(p\), do not suffer from this issue and encode \(n-k\) logical qudits, with \(K=p^{n-k}\).
Each code can be represented by a check matrix (a.k.a. stabilizer generator matrix) \(H=(A|B)\), where each row \((a|b)\) is the \(q\)-ary symplectic representation of a stabilizer generator. The check matrix can be brought into standard form via Gaussian elimination [2].
Protection
Decoding
Notes
Parents
- Stabilizer code
- Modular-qudit code
- Quantum Lego code — Modular-qudit stabilizer codes are quantum Lego codes built out of atomic blocks such as the 2-qudit repetition code, single-qudit trivial stabilizer codes, and tensor-products of the \(|0\rangle\) state.
Children
- Double-semion code — Double-semion code can be realized as a modular-qudit stabilizer code with \(q=4\) [4].
- Frobenius code
- Modular-qudit CSS code
Cousins
- Abelian topological code — All abelian topological orders can be realized as modular-qudit stabilizer codes [4].
- Galois-qudit stabilizer code — Recalling that \(q=p^m\), Galois-qudit stabilizer codes can also be treated as prime-qudit stabilizer codes on \(mn\) qudits, giving \(k=nm-r\) [5]. The case \(m=1\) reduces to conventional prime-qudit stabilizer codes on \(n\) qudits.
- Qubit stabilizer code — Modular-qudit stabilizer codes for prime-dimensional qudits \(q=p\) inherit most of the features of qubit stabilizer codes, including encoding an integer number of qudits and a Pauli group with a unique number of generators. Conversely, qubit codes can be extended to modular-qudit codes by decorating appropriate generators with powers. For example, \([[4,2,2]]\) qubit code generators can be adjusted to \(ZZZZ\) and \(XX^{-1} XX^{-1}\). A systematic procedure extending a qubit code to prime-qudit codes involves putting its generator matrix into local-dimension-invariant (LDI) form [6]. Various bounds exist on the distance of the resulting codes [7][8].
- Translationally-invariant stabilizer code — Modular-qudit stabilizer codes can be thought of as translationally-invariant stabilizer codes for dimension \(D = 0\), with the lattice consisting of a single site.
Zoo code information
References
- [1]
- Daniel Gottesman, “Stabilizer Codes and Quantum Error Correction”. quant-ph/9705052
- [2]
- V. Gheorghiu, “Standard form of qudit stabilizer groups”, Physics Letters A 378, 505 (2014). DOI; 1101.1519
- [3]
- Eric Sabo, Arun B. Aloshious, and Kenneth R. Brown, “Trellis Decoding For Qudit Stabilizer Codes And Its Application To Qubit Topological Codes”. 2106.08251
- [4]
- Tyler D. Ellison et al., “Pauli stabilizer models of twisted quantum doubles”. 2112.11394
- [5]
- Alexei Ashikhmin and Emanuel Knill, “Nonbinary Quantum Stabilizer Codes”. quant-ph/0005008
- [6]
- L. G. Gunderman, “Local-dimension-invariant qudit stabilizer codes”, Physical Review A 101, (2020). DOI; 1910.08122
- [7]
- Arun J. Moorthy and Lane G. Gunderman, “Local-dimension-invariant Calderbank-Shor-Steane Codes with an Improved Distance Promise”. 2110.11510
- [8]
- Lane G. Gunderman, “Degenerate Local-dimension-invariant Stabilizer Codes and an Alternative Bound for the Distance Preservation Condition”. 2110.15274
Cite as:
“Modular-qudit stabilizer code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2022. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/qudit_stabilizer
Github: https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo/eczoo_data/tree/main/codes/quantum/qudits/qudit_stabilizer.yml.