Here is a list of spherical designs.

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Code Relation
120-cell code The code forms a spherical 11-design because its vertices can be divided into five 600-cells, each of which forms said design.
24-cell code The 24-cell code is a spherical 5-design [1].
600-cell code The 600-cell code forms a spherical 11-design that is unique up to equivalence [2].
Binary PSK (BPSK) modulation format
Biorthogonal spherical code Biorthogonal spherical codes are the only tight spherical 3-designs [3; Tab. 9.3]. A suitable weighted union of the vertices of a hypercube and an orthoplex forms a weighted spherical 5-design in dimensions \(\geq 3\) [4; Sec. 8.6, Ex. 5-2][5; Exam. 2.6].
Cameron-Goethals-Seidel (CGS) isotropic subspace code
Disphenoidal 288-cell code The disphenoidal 288-cell code forms a spherical 7-design [6].
Dodecahedron code The dodecahedron code forms a spherical 5-design [7].
Hessian polyhedron code The Hessian polytope code forms a tight spherical 4-design [8; Exam. 7.3]. The double Hessian polytope code forms a spherical 5-design [9].
Hypercube code Hypercube codes form spherical 3-designs. The weighted union of the vertices of a hypercube and an orthoplex form a weighted spherical 5-design in dimensions \(\geq 3\) [4; Sec. 8.6, Ex. 5-2][5; Exam. 2.6].
Icosahedron code The icosahedron code forms a unique tight spherical 5-design [10][3; Exam. 9.6.1].
Kerdock spherical code Kerdock spherical codes form spherical 3-designs because their codewords are unions of \(2^{2r-1}+1\) orthoplexes [11].
McLaughlin spherical code Both McLaughlin spherical codes are sharp configurations [12,13]. The \((22,275,1/6)\) code is a unique and tight spherical 4-design, while the \((23,552,1/5)\) code is a unique and tight spherical 5-design; see Ref. [12; Appx. A].
Pentakis dodecahedron code Vertices of the pentakis dodecahedron form a weighted spherical 9-design [14,15][5; Exam. 2.5].
Petersen spherical code The Petersen spherical code forms a spherical 2-design [16].
Phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation format
Polygon code A \(q\)-gon is a tight spherical \(q-1\) design.
Quadrature PSK (QPSK) modulation format
Real-Clifford subgroup-orbit code The orbit of any point under the real Clifford subgroup is a spherical 7-design [17], and some are 11-designs [18].
Rectified Hessian polyhedron code The rectified Hessian polyhedron code forms a spherical 5-design [19].
Simplex spherical code Simplex spherical codes are the only tight spherical 2-designs [3; Tab. 9.3]. The bi-simplex is a spherical 3-design since antipodal codes have zero averages over odd-degree polynomials.
Spherical design
Spherical sharp configuration Spherical sharp configurations are spherical designs of strength \(2m-1\) for some \(m\).
Witting polytope code The Witting polytope code forms a tight spherical 7-design [20][21; Ch. 14].
\(2_{31}\) polytope code The 126 vertices of the \(2_{31}\) polytope form a spherical 5-design [9].
\(2_{41}\) polytope code The \(2_{41}\) polytope code forms a spherical 7-design [22].
\(3_{21}\) polytope code The \(3_{21}\) polytope code forms a tight spherical 5-design [10,20][21; Ch. 14][12; Table 1].
\(BW_{32}\) lattice-shell code
\(\Lambda_{16}\) lattice-shell code
List (descendants): All descendants of Spherical design.

References

  1. [1]

    H. Cohn, J. H. Conway, N. D. Elkies, and A. Kumar, “TheD\({}_{4}\)Root System Is Not Universally Optimal”, Experimental Mathematics 16, 313 (2007) arXiv:math/0607447 DOI

  2. [2]

    P. Boyvalenkov and D. Danev, “Uniqueness of the 120-point spherical 11-design in four dimensions”, Archiv der Mathematik 77, 360 (2001) DOI

  3. [3]

    T. Ericson and V. A. Zinoviev, eds., Codes on Euclidean Spheres (Elsevier, 2001)

  4. [4]

    A. H. Stroud, Approximate Calculation of Multiple Integrals (Prentice Hall, 1971)

  5. [5]

    S. Borodachov, P. Boyvalenkov, P. Dragnev, D. Hardin, E. Saff, and M. Stoyanova, “Energy bounds for weighted spherical codes and designs via linear programming”, (2024) arXiv:2403.07457

  6. [6]

    N. J. A. Sloane, R. H. Hardin, and P. Cara, “Spherical designs in four dimensions”, Proceedings 2003 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (Cat. No.03EX674) 253 DOI

  7. [7]

    S. P. Jain, J. T. Iosue, A. Barg, and V. V. Albert, “Quantum spherical codes”, Nature Physics 20, 1300 (2024) arXiv:2302.11593 DOI

  8. [8]

    A. Roy and S. Suda, “Complex spherical designs and codes”, (2011) arXiv:1104.4692

  9. [9]

    B. Venkov, “Réseaux et designs sphériques”, in Réseaux euclidiens, designs sphériques et formes modulaires, volume 37 of Monographies de l’Enseignement Mathématique, pages 10–86. Enseignement Mathématique, Geneva, 2001

  10. [10]

    P. Delsarte, J. M. Goethals, and J. J. Seidel, “Spherical codes and designs”, Geometriae Dedicata 6, 363 (1977) DOI

  11. [11]

    H. Cohn, D. de Laat, and N. Leijenhorst, “Optimality of spherical codes via exact semidefinite programming bounds”, (2024) arXiv:2403.16874

  12. [12]

    H. Cohn and A. Kumar, “Universally optimal distribution of points on spheres”, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 20, 99 (2006) arXiv:math/0607446 DOI

  13. [13]

    P. Boyvalenkov, P. Dragnev, D. Hardin, E. Saff, and M. Stoyanova, “Universal minima of discrete potentials for sharp spherical codes”, (2023) arXiv:2211.00092

  14. [14]

    J. M. Goethals and J. J. Seidel, “Cubature Formulae, Polytopes, and Spherical Designs”, The Geometric Vein 203 (1981) DOI

  15. [15]

    D. Hughes and S. Waldron, “Spherical (t,t)-designs with a small number of vectors”, Linear Algebra and its Applications 608, 84 (2021) DOI

  16. [16]

    C. Bachoc and F. Vallentin, “Optimality and uniqueness of the (4,10,1/6) spherical code”, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 116, 195 (2009) arXiv:0708.3947 DOI

  17. [17]

    V. M. Sidelnikov, “Spherical 7-Designs in 2 n -Dimensional Euclidean Space”, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 10, 279 (1999) DOI

  18. [18]

    V. M. Sidelnikov, “Orbital spherical 11-designs in which the initial point is a root of an invariant polynomial”, Algebra i Analiz 11(4), 183–203 (1999); St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal 11(4), 673–686 (2000)

  19. [19]

    P. de la Harpe and C. Pache, “Spherical designs and finite group representations (some results of E. Bannai)”, European Journal of Combinatorics 25, 213 (2004) DOI

  20. [20]

    E. Bannai and N. J. A. Sloane, “Uniqueness of Certain Spherical Codes”, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 33, 437 (1981) DOI

  21. [21]

    J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups (Springer New York, 1999) DOI

  22. [22]

    S. Borodachov, “Odd strength spherical designs attaining the Fazekas–Levenshtein bound for covering and universal minima of potentials”, Aequationes mathematicae 98, 509 (2024) DOI

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