Description
Linear \(q\)-ary \([n,k,d]\) code such that columns of its generator matrix \(G\) does not contain any repeated columns or the zero column. That way, each column corresponds to a distinct point in the projective space \(PG(k-1,q)\) arising from a \(k\)-dimensional vector space over \(GF(q)\). If the columns are linearly independent, then the codewords are collectively called an information set. Columns of a code's parity-check matrix can similarly correspond to points in projective space. This formulation yields connections to projective geometry, which can be applied to determine code properties.
Recall that a linear code encodes a message \(h\) into a codeword \(c = hG\). The \(i\)th coordinate of a codeword is given the dot product \(h \cdot G_{i}\) with \(G_{i}\) being the \(i\)th column of the generator matrix. The zero-coordinate condition \(h \cdot x = 0\) defines a hyperplane of points \(x\) with normal vector \(h\). Therefore, the Hamming weight of the corresponding codeword is the number of points \(G_i\) not contained in said hyperplane.
In general, linear codes admit repeating columns or columns proportional to each other. In that case, the columns correspond to a multiset of non-distinct nonzero points, and multisets are in one-to-one correspondence to arcs in projective space ([1], Thm. 1.1; [2]). Multisets can also be used to construct parity-check matrices of linear codes.
Protection
Distance \(d\) is \(n\) minus the maximum number of points that are contained in a hyperplane. For \(n \geq 3\), a code is projective if and only if the distance of its dual code is at least three.'
The weight enumerator of the code comes from the Tutte polynomial associated with the projective code [3].
Notes
See corresponding definition in MinT.Cousins
- Evaluation code— Codewords of an evaluation code of multivariate polynomials up to degree one evaluated at points in projective space yield a projective code.
- Extended GRS code— Columns of parity-check matrices of doubly extended narrow-sense RS codes consist of points of a normal rational curve [4; Def. 14.2.6].
- Narrow-sense RS code— Columns of parity-check matrices of doubly extended narrow-sense RS codes consist of points of a normal rational curve [4; Def. 14.2.6].
- Griesmer code— Acrs corresponding to Griesmer codes are called Griesmer arcs [1; pg. 248]. There is a one-to-one correspondence between Griesmer codes and minihypers [5,6]; see [7][4; Sec. 14.2.4] for more details.
- Anticode— There is a relation between anticodes and minihypers ([8], pg. 295).
- Projective RM (PRM) code— Nonzero codewords of minimum weight of a \(r\)th-order \(q\)-ary projective RM code correspond to algebraic hypersurfaces of degree \(r\) having the largest number of points in the projective space \(PG(n,q)\) [4; Thm. 14.3.3].
- Subspace code— Subspace codes are sets of subspaces of a projective space \(PG(n-1,q)\).
- Maximum distance separable (MDS) code— A linear code is MDS (almost MDS) if and only if columns of its parity-check matrix form an \(n\)-arc (\(n\)-track) in projective space [7,9–11]. The dual of a MDS code is an MDS code, so MDS codes are projective. All \([[9,3]]\) MDS codes have been tabulated [12] in terms of 9-arcs in the projective plane.
- \([11,6,5]_3\) Ternary Golay code— The extended ternary Golay code admits a projective geometric construction ([8], pg. 296).
- Two-weight code— There are several correpondences between projective and two-weight codes [13–15].
- Octacode— Columns of the heptacode's (octacode's) generator matrix represent the seven (eight) points of a hyperoval (8-arc) in the projective Hjelmslev plane \(PHG(2,\mathbb{Z}_4)\) (\(PHG(3,\mathbb{Z}_4)\)) [17][16; Exam. 5].
- Cameron-Goethals-Seidel (CGS) isotropic subspace code— CSG isotropic subspace codes are constructed from incidence matrices of \(PG_5(q)\) [18; Exam. 9.4.5].
- Purity-testing stabilizer code— Purity-testing stabilizer codes are constructed from normal rational curves.
- Finite-geometry (FG) QLDPC code— PG-QLDPC codes are constructed from linear binary codes whose parity-check or generator matrices are incidence matrices of structures in finite geometries.
Member of code lists
Primary Hierarchy
References
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- M. Shi, T. Honold, P. Sole, Y. Qiu, R. Wu, and Z. Sepasdar, “The Geometry of Two-Weight Codes Over ℤ\({}_{\text{\textit{p}}}\)\({}^{\text{\textit{m}}}\)”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 67, 7769 (2021) DOI
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- T. Honold and I. Landjev, “Linear Codes over Finite Chain Rings and Projective Hjelmslev Geometries”, Codes Over Rings 60 (2009) DOI
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- T. Ericson, and V. Zinoviev, eds. Codes on Euclidean spheres. Elsevier, 2001.
Page edit log
- Victor V. Albert (2022-08-09) — most recent
Cite as:
“Projective geometry code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2022. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/projective