Dynamical automorphism (DA) code[1,2] 

Also known as Dynamical code, Aperiodic Floquet code.

Description

Dynamically-generated stabilizer-based code whose (not necessarily periodic) sequence of few-body measurements implements state initialization, logical gates and error detection.

After each measurement in the sequence, the codespace is a joint \(+1\) eigenspace of an instantaneous stabilizer group (ISG), i.e., a particular stabilizer group corresponding to the measurement. The ISG specifies the state of the system as a Pauli stabilizer state at a particular round of measurement, and it evolves into a (potentially) different ISG via code switching using the group \(\mathsf{F}\) of check operators measured in the next step in the sequence.

As opposed to subsystem codes, only specific measurement sequences maintain the codespace, and not all sequences implement error detection. Aperiodic measurement sequences provide a way to implement logical gates [2].

For DA codes based on topological phases, the phase associated with each ISG of the code can be obtained from a single parent topological phase associated with the DA code [3] via as anyon condensation. In this way, measurements cycle logical quantum information between the various condensed phases.

Protection

Classification of stabilizers by masking

There exists an efficient classical algorithm that tracks information learned by syndrome extraction at each step [4]. The algorithm performs the following classification of stabilizers into unmasked, temporarily masked, and permanently unmasked stabilizers.

An unmasked stabilizer is a stabilizer whose outcome can be obtained by measurements. In general, it is not obvious to determine if a stabilizer can be unmasked as its eigenvalue may only be revealed indirectly as a product of several measurements. A temporarily masked stabilizer is a stabilizer whose syndrome can not be obtained by the given sequence but could possibly be obtained with future measurements. A permanently masked stabilizer is a stabilizer whose outcome is irreversibly lost by the given sequence.

For a masked stabilizer code with a set \(U\) of \(l\) masked stabilizers, its masked distance is given by: \begin{equation} d_{\mathrm{u}} = \min\:\text{wt}\{ \mathsf{N}(U)\backslash \mathsf{G}\}~. \tag*{(1)}\end{equation} Above, \(\mathsf{G}\) is a gauge group defined from the algorithm that depends partly on the freedom in the choice of destabilizerss for the temporarily masked stabilizers, and partly on the measurement sequence which fixes the destabilizerss for the permanently masked stabilizers.

Encoding

A DA code with \(r\) with \(r\) stabilizer generators can be initialized by a measurement sequence in at most \(r\) cycles [4].

Gates

The measurement sequences of the 2D DA color code on a \(N\) layers of triangular patches (which encodes \(N\) logical qubits) with a Pauli boundary can be used to implement all Clifford logical gates via a sequence of two- and three-qubit measurements [2].The 3D DA color code allows for a non-Clifford logical gate via adaptive two-qubit measurements [2].Code bounds for gates in the Clifford hierarchy (similar to the BK bounds) can be formulated for QLDPC codes that are embedded in a \(D\)-dimensional lattice but that admit some long-range connectivity [4].

Parents

Child

Cousins

  • Honeycomb (6.6.6) color code — The parent topological phase of the 2D DA color code is realized by two copies of the 6.6.6 color code [2].
  • Cubic honeycomb color code — The parent topological phase of the 3D DA color code is realized by three copies of the cubic honeycomb color code [2].
  • Kitaev surface code — One of the instantaneous stabilizer codes of the 2D DA color code are stacks of surface codes
  • Abelian topological code — Useful measurement sequences of DA codes can be extracted from topological quantum field theory [2].

References

[1]
M. B. Hastings and J. Haah, “Dynamically Generated Logical Qubits”, Quantum 5, 564 (2021) arXiv:2107.02194 DOI
[2]
M. Davydova et al., “Quantum computation from dynamic automorphism codes”, Quantum 8, 1448 (2024) arXiv:2307.10353 DOI
[3]
M. S. Kesselring et al., “Anyon Condensation and the Color Code”, PRX Quantum 5, (2024) arXiv:2212.00042 DOI
[4]
X. Fu and D. Gottesman, “Error Correction in Dynamical Codes”, (2024) arXiv:2403.04163
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Zoo Code ID: da

Cite as:
“Dynamical automorphism (DA) code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2024. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/da
BibTeX:
@incollection{eczoo_da, title={Dynamical automorphism (DA) code}, booktitle={The Error Correction Zoo}, year={2024}, editor={Albert, Victor V. and Faist, Philippe}, url={https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/da} }
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“Dynamical automorphism (DA) code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2024. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/da

Github: https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo/eczoo_data/edit/main/codes/quantum/qubits/dynamic/floquet/da.yml.