Spacetime circuit code[13] 

Description

Qubit stabilizer code used to correct faults in Clifford circuits, i.e., circuits up made of Clifford gates and Pauli measurements. The code utilizes redundancy in the measurement outcomes of a circuit to correct circuit faults.

The set of measurement outcomes of a circuit can be made into a classical binary linear code called the outcome code [3; Corr. 2]. The spacetime circuit code is defined such that its error syndromes can be used to obtain the parity checks of the outcome code.

More technically, given an \([m,k]\) outcome code associated with an \(n\)-qubit circuit of depth \(\Delta\) with \(m\) measurements and \(2^k\) outcomes, the corresponding spacetime circuit code is an \([[ n (\Delta + 1), n (\Delta + 1) - (m - k) ]]\) code [3; Thm. 2].

The spacetime circuit code is the stabilizer code corresponding to the subsystem codes of earlier works [1,2], which dealt with specific families of Clifford circuits. The general case was developed in Ref. [3].

Decoding

Efficient decoders can be constructed for some circuits [3].

Parents

Cousins

  • Qubit stabilizer code — Spacetime circuit codes are useful for constructing fault-tolerant syndrome extraction circuits for qubit stabilizer codes.
  • Linear binary code — The set of measurement outcomes of a Clifford circuit can be made into a classical binary linear code. Error syndromes of the spacetime circuit code can be used to obtain the parity checks of the outcome code.
  • Kitaev surface code — Stabilizer generators of a spacetime code are called detectors in Refs. [3,4].
  • Floquet code — Spacetime circuit codes are useful for constructing fault-tolerant encoding and syndrome extraction circuits for Floquet codes.
  • Subsystem qubit stabilizer code — Spacetime circuit codes can be upgraded to subsystem codes by gauging a subgroup of the logical Pauli group which causes trivial faults in the corresponding Clifford circuit.

References

[1]
D. Bacon et al., “Sparse Quantum Codes From Quantum Circuits”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 63, 2464 (2017) DOI
[2]
D. Gottesman, “Opportunities and Challenges in Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation”, (2022) arXiv:2210.15844
[3]
N. Delfosse and A. Paetznick, “Spacetime codes of Clifford circuits”, (2023) arXiv:2304.05943
[4]
C. Gidney, “Stim: a fast stabilizer circuit simulator”, Quantum 5, 497 (2021) arXiv:2103.02202 DOI
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Zoo Code ID: spacetime_circuit

Cite as:
“Spacetime circuit code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2023. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/spacetime_circuit
BibTeX:
@incollection{eczoo_spacetime_circuit, title={Spacetime circuit code}, booktitle={The Error Correction Zoo}, year={2023}, editor={Albert, Victor V. and Faist, Philippe}, url={https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/spacetime_circuit} }
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Cite as:

“Spacetime circuit code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2023. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/spacetime_circuit

Github: https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo/eczoo_data/tree/main/codes/quantum/qubits/dynamic_gen/spacetime_circuit.yml.