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Clifford-hierarchy stabilizer code[1]

Description

A qubit code whose codespace is a joint eigenspace of a subset of operators in the Clifford hierarchy. The stabilizing set, which need not be a group, contains Pauli strings and operators at any level \(m\) of the Clifford hierarchy \(\{\mathcal{C}_m\}\), generalizing qubit stabilizer codes (\(m=1\)) and Clifford stabilizer codes (\(m=2\)).

Clifford-hierarchy codes in \(D\) spatial dimensions include \((D+1)\)-dimensional Dijkgraaf-Witten gauge theories with non-Abelian topological order [1]. A \(D\)-dimensional code can be constructed from a twisted \(\mathbb{Z}_2^{D+1}\) gauge theory with Dijkgraaf-Witten twist \((-1)^{\int a_1 \cup a_2 \cup \cdots \cup a_{D+1}}\), where the stabilizers include gates at the \(D\)th level of the Clifford hierarchy in addition to Pauli \(X\) operators.

Transversal Gates

A transversal logical \(\text{diag}(1, e^{i2\pi/2^D})\) gate at the \(D\)th level of the Clifford hierarchy in \((D-1)\) spatial dimensions [1].

Cousins

  • Clifford group— Clifford-hierarchy codes are joint eigenspaces of subsets of the Clifford hierarchy, whose second level is the Clifford group.
  • Two-gauge theory code— Clifford-hierarchy codes in \(D\) spatial dimensions include \((D+1)\)-dimensional Dijkgraaf-Witten gauge theories with non-Abelian topological order [1]. A \(D\)-dimensional code can be constructed from a twisted \(\mathbb{Z}_2^{D+1}\) gauge theory with Dijkgraaf-Witten twist \((-1)^{\int a_1 \cup a_2 \cup \cdots \cup a_{D+1}}\), where the stabilizers include gates at the \(D\)th level of the Clifford hierarchy in addition to Pauli \(X\) operators.

Primary Hierarchy

Parents
Clifford-hierarchy stabilizer code
Children
Cubic theory code Hamiltonian terms include Pauli and \(CZ\) operators, making them Clifford stabilizer codes.
Chen-Hsin invertible-order code Hamiltonian terms include include Pauli and \(CZ\) operators, making them Clifford stabilizer codes.
XP stabilizer codes are joint eigenspaces of operators in the binary dihedral group, a subgroup consisting of Pauli strings and elements of a level of the Clifford hierarchy.

References

[1]
R. Kobayashi, G. Zhu, and P.-S. Hsin, “Clifford Hierarchy Stabilizer Codes: Transversal Non-Clifford Gates and Magic”, (2025) arXiv:2511.02900
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Zoo Code ID: clifford_hierarchy

Cite as:
“Clifford-hierarchy stabilizer code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2026. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/clifford_hierarchy
BibTeX:
@incollection{eczoo_clifford_hierarchy, title={Clifford-hierarchy stabilizer code}, booktitle={The Error Correction Zoo}, year={2026}, editor={Albert, Victor V. and Faist, Philippe}, url={https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/clifford_hierarchy} }
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Cite as:

“Clifford-hierarchy stabilizer code”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2026. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/clifford_hierarchy

Github: https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo/eczoo_data/edit/main/codes/quantum/qubits/nonstabilizer/clifford_hierarchy/clifford_hierarchy.yml.