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Universal product code (UPC)[1]

Description

A checksum code used worldwide, in the form of a barcode, to identify products in stores.

Protection

The last digit of a UPC barcode is a base-10 check digit that is evaluated modulo 10 [2].

Notes

See Ref. [2] for a history.

Member of code lists

Primary Hierarchy

Classical Domain
Ring Kingdom
Ring codeECC
Parents
Ring code
Checksum codeECC
Universal product code (UPC)

References

[1]
Uniform Code Council (UCC), Uniform Product Code (U.P.C.)
[2]
D. Savir and G. J. Laurer, “The characteristics and decodability of the Universal Product Code symbol”, IBM Systems Journal 14, 16 (1975) DOI
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Zoo Code ID: upc

Cite as:
“Universal product code (UPC)”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2025. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/upc
BibTeX:
@incollection{eczoo_upc, title={Universal product code (UPC)}, booktitle={The Error Correction Zoo}, year={2025}, editor={Albert, Victor V. and Faist, Philippe}, url={https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/upc} }
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Permanent link:
https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/upc

Cite as:

“Universal product code (UPC)”, The Error Correction Zoo (V. V. Albert & P. Faist, eds.), 2025. https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/upc

Github: https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo/eczoo_data/edit/main/codes/classical/rings/checksum/upc.yml.